Soccer vs Soccer — Same Game, Different Rules

The IFAB list of cautionable and sending-off offenses applies in full. Two yellow cards in the same match results in a sending-off (red card by accumulation).

Yellow card cautionable offenses: unsporting behavior, dissent, persistent infringement, delaying restart, failure to respect required distance, entering/leaving without permission; Two yellow cards in same match = automatic red card (sent off); Direct red card offenses: serious foul play, violen...

MLS operates under the league's Concussion Management Protocol, developed in conjunction with U.S. Soccer and the league medical staff.

NCAA concussion management protocol: any player with actual or suspected concussion is removed from play immediately and is subject to a graduated return-to-play assessment before being cleared. Concussion substitution permits an additional substitution beyond the normal framework.

Mandatory cooling breaks apply when WBGT is at or above 82°F (27.8°C). The league applies WBGT-based heat thresholds for cooling breaks, additional water breaks, and, in extreme cases, for delays of kickoff or postponement.

WBGT-based heat thresholds for cooling breaks and play modifications. Mandatory water/cooling breaks at high WBGT.

MLS matches consist of two 45-minute halves separated by a half-time interval not to exceed 15 minutes. The referee adds additional time at the end of each half to compensate for stoppages includin...

Two 45-minute halves; halftime up to 15 minutes; NCAA uses a visible countdown clock managed in coordination with the referee — historically a key NCAA-vs-FIFA distinction; the referee remains the on-field clock authority and signals stoppages; Regular season: tied matches end at full time (no ex...

Center referee, two assistant referees, fourth official, plus replay/video review official at championship-level events (NCAA Tournament). Regular-season conference matches typically use 3-4 officials without VAR.

Each MLS match is officiated by a referee, two assistant referees, a fourth official, a Video Assistant Referee (VAR), and at least one assistant VAR. The referee on the field has final on-field authority.

The 2026 MLS Competition Guidelines specify 14 Ball Stands positioned around the field perimeter at each MLS venue.

FIFA Quality Programme approved size 5 ball: spherical, 68-70 cm circumference, 410-450 g start-of-match weight, 0.6-1.1 atmospheres pressure (IFAB Law 2). Conference- or championship-issued match ball.

MLS matches are played on a rectangular field within IFAB Law 1 limits — a length of 100 to 110 meters (110 to 120 yards) and a width of 64 to 75 meters (70 to 80 yards). The league's preferred dimensions favor the upper end of the range and are subject to venue capacity.

Surface: natural grass, hybrid grass, or FIFA Quality Pro approved synthetic. Home institution responsible for surface conformance.

Each MLS match is officiated by a referee, two assistant referees, a fourth official, a Video Assistant Referee (VAR), and at least one assistant VAR. The referee on the field has final on-field authority.

Center referee, two assistant referees, fourth official, plus replay/video review official at championship-level events (NCAA Tournament). Regular-season conference matches typically use 3-4 officials without VAR.

Five alternating kicks per team from the penalty mark; if tied, sudden death continues until a winner. IFAB KFTPM procedure with NCAA-specific implementation.

Tiebreakers, in order, when teams are level on points at the end of the regular season:

A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided no infringement was committed previously by the team scoring the goal (IFAB Law 10). All MLS venues use goal-line technol...

Conference standings typically use 3-1-0 points (win-draw-loss). Tiebreakers vary by conference and may include head-to-head, goal differential, goals scored, and other published criteria.

The IFAB list of cautionable and sending-off offenses applies in full. Two yellow cards in the same match results in a sending-off (red card by accumulation).

Direct free kicks, indirect free kicks, and penalty kicks per IFAB Law 12-14. Penalty kick from 12 yd / 11 m mark; goalkeeper must be on the goal line at the moment of release.

NCAA concussion management protocol: any player with actual or suspected concussion is removed from play immediately and is subject to a graduated return-to-play assessment before being cleared. Concussion substitution permits an additional substitution beyond the normal framework.

MLS operates under the league's Concussion Management Protocol, developed in conjunction with U.S. Soccer and the league medical staff.

FIFA Quality Programme approved size 5 ball: spherical, 68-70 cm circumference, 410-450 g start-of-match weight, 0.6-1.1 atmospheres pressure (IFAB Law 2). Conference- or championship-issued match ball.

MLS matches use a FIFA Quality Programme approved match ball: spherical, 68–70 cm circumference, 410–450 g at the start of the match, and inflated to 0.6–1.1 atmospheres of pressure at sea level (I...